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              <h2 id="学习笔记-Java设计模式之Template-Method模式"><a href="#学习笔记-Java设计模式之Template-Method模式" class="headerlink" title="学习笔记 : Java设计模式之Template Method模式"></a>学习笔记 : Java设计模式之Template Method模式</h2><h3 id="概述"><a href="#概述" class="headerlink" title="概述"></a>概述</h3><p><em>模板设计模式 : 定义一个操作中算法的框架,而将这一些步骤延迟到子类中. 模板方法模式使得子类可以不改变一个算法的结构即可重定义该算法的某些特定步骤,简单点说既在父类中定义处理流程的框架,在子类中实现具体的处理. ( Template Method Pattern : Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation,deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm’s structure )</em></p>
<ul>
<li>其是一种基于继承的代码复用技术,它是一种行为型模式,当然也是最简单的行为设计模式 ~</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="模板方法模式的实现分类"><a href="#模板方法模式的实现分类" class="headerlink" title="模板方法模式的实现分类"></a>模板方法模式的实现分类</h3><p><em>模板方法模式的实现可划分为 : 模板方法( 基本方法的集合 )和基本方法( 实现具体的逻辑步骤 )</em></p>
<h4 id="模板方法"><a href="#模板方法" class="headerlink" title="模板方法"></a>模板方法</h4><p><em>模板方法是指定义在抽象类中,把基本操作方法组合在一起形成一个总算法或一个总行为的方法. 模板方法是一个具体方法,其逻辑的组成步骤在抽象类中可以是具体方法,也可以是抽象方法( 可将模板方法定义为 final 方法哟 )</em></p>
<h4 id="基本方法"><a href="#基本方法" class="headerlink" title="基本方法"></a>基本方法</h4><p><em>基本方法是实现算法各个步骤的方法,是模板方法的组成部分. 其可划分为 :</em></p>
<ul>
<li>抽象方法 : 一个抽象方法由抽象类声明,由其具体子类实现.</li>
<li>具体方法 : 一个具体方法由是一个抽象类或具体类声明并实现,其子类可以进行覆盖也可以进行直接继承</li>
<li>钩子方法 : 一个钩子方法由一个抽象类或者具体类声明并实现,而其子类可能会加以扩展.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="示例程序-简洁版"><a href="#示例程序-简洁版" class="headerlink" title="示例程序-简洁版"></a>示例程序-简洁版</h3><p><em>下面是一个使用模板方法模式的简单示例程序 : 通过自定义模板样式来打印不同包裹字符的效果~</em></p>
<ol>
<li><p><em>AbstractDisplay抽象类 : 充当抽象类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method1;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当抽象类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-10:46 AM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractDisplay</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//基本方法-抽象方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">open</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//基本方法-抽象方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">print</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//基本方法-抽象方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">close</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//模板方法:为具体方法,其逻辑的组成步骤可以是具体方法或抽象方法..</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-comment">/*final*/</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">disply</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        open();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">5</span>; i++) &#123;
            print();
        &#125;
        close();
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//基本方法-具体方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">//略······</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment">//基本方法-钩子方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">//略······</span>
&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>CustomDisplay1类 : 充当具体类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method1;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当具体类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-10:44 AM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDisplay1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractDisplay</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String string;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> width;

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDisplay1</span><span class="hljs-params">(String string)</span> </span>&#123;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.string = string;
        width = string.getBytes().length;
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">open</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        printLine();
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">print</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"█"</span> + string + <span class="hljs-string">"█"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">close</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        printLine();
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">printLine</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.print(<span class="hljs-string">"●"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; width; i++) &#123;
            System.out.print(<span class="hljs-string">"■"</span>);
        &#125;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"●"</span>);
    &#125;

&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>CustomDisplay2类 : 充当具体类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method1;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当具体类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-11:03 AM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDisplay2</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractDisplay</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String string;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> width;

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDisplay2</span><span class="hljs-params">(String string)</span> </span>&#123;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.string = string;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.width = string.getBytes().length;
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">open</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        printLine();
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">print</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"|"</span> + string + <span class="hljs-string">"|"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">close</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        printLine();
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">printLine</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.print(<span class="hljs-string">"+"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; width; i++) &#123;
            System.out.print(<span class="hljs-string">"-"</span>);
        &#125;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"+"</span>);
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>Main类 : 程序测试</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method1;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 测试类
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-10:54 AM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;
        AbstractDisplay abstractDisplay = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomDisplay1(<span class="hljs-string">"Template Method Pattern"</span>);
        AbstractDisplay abstractDisplay2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomDisplay2(<span class="hljs-string">"Template Method Pattern"</span>);
        abstractDisplay.disply();
        abstractDisplay2.disply();
    &#125;

&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>程序运行结果如下所示 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs pgsql">●■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■●
█<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern█
█<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern█
█<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern█
█<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern█
█<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern█
●■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■●
+<span class="hljs-comment">-----------------------+</span>
|<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern|
|<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern|
|<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern|
|<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern|
|<span class="hljs-keyword">Template</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Method</span> Pattern|s
+<span class="hljs-comment">-----------------------+</span></code></pre></div>

</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="Template-Method模式中登场的角色"><a href="#Template-Method模式中登场的角色" class="headerlink" title="Template Method模式中登场的角色"></a>Template Method模式中登场的角色</h4><ul>
<li><code>AbstractClass( 抽象类 )</code> : AbstractClass角色不仅负责实现模板方法,还负责声明在模板方法中所使用到的抽象方法,这些抽象方法由子类ConcreteClass角色负责实现.</li>
<li><code>ConcreteClass( 具体类 )</code> : 该类负责实现AbstrctClass中定义的抽象方法,<code>这些实现的方法将会在AbstractClass角色的模板方法中别调用.</code></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="示例程序的类图"><a href="#示例程序的类图" class="headerlink" title="示例程序的类图"></a>示例程序的类图</h4><p><img src="/2019/09/04/Java%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E4%B9%8BTemplate-Method-Pattern/Template-Method1-ClassDiagram.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" alt=" "></p>
<h3 id="示例程序-详细版"><a href="#示例程序-详细版" class="headerlink" title="示例程序-详细版"></a>示例程序-详细版</h3><p><em>下面是一个使用方法模板模式的简单示例程序 : 该程序的功能( 模拟 )为支持多种数据源及图表的显示方式,但所有的图表实现操作都需基于XML格式的数据,因此可能需要对数据进行转换,如果从数据源中获取的数据已经是XML数据则无需进行转换,所以这里需要用到<code>钩子方法</code>哟</em></p>
<ol>
<li><p><em>DataViewer抽象类 : 充当抽象类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method2;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当抽象类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-12:59 PM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">DataViewer</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//抽象方法:获取数据</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">getData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//具体方法:转换数据</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">convertData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"将数据转换为XML格式"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//抽象方法:显示数据</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">displayData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//钩子方法:判断是否为XML格式的数据</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">isNotXMLData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>;
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//模板方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">process</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        getData();
        <span class="hljs-comment">//如果不是xml格式的数据,则需将其转换为xml格式的数据</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (isNotXMLData()) &#123;
            convertData();
        &#125;
        displayData();
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>CustomDataViewer1类 : 充当具体类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method2;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当具体类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-1:05 PM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDataViewer1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">DataViewer</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">getData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"从XML文件中获取数据"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">displayData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"以柱状图的方式显示数据"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-comment">//覆盖父类的钩子方法</span>
    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">isNotXMLData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        <span class="hljs-comment">//return super.isNotXMLData();</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>;
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>CustomDataViewer2类 : 充当具体类角色</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method2;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 充当具体类角色
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-1:08 PM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CustomDataViewer2</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">DataViewer</span> </span>&#123;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">getData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"从XML文件中获取数据"</span>);
    &#125;

    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">displayData</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"以圆饼图的方式显示数据"</span>);
    &#125;

&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>Main类 : 程序测试</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.template_method.template_method2;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@project</span>: design-patterns
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@description</span>: 测试类
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: 9/4/2019-1:10 PM
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@version</span>: 1.0
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span> </span>&#123;
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;
        DataViewer dataViewer = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomDataViewer1();
        DataViewer dataViewer2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CustomDataViewer2();
        dataViewer.process();
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"--------------------"</span>);
        dataViewer2.process();
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>程序运行结果如下所示 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs asciidoc">从XML文件中获取数据
<span class="hljs-section">以柱状图的方式显示数据
--------------------</span>
从XML文件中获取数据
将数据转换为XML格式
以圆饼图的方式显示数据</code></pre></div>

</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="示例程序的类图-1"><a href="#示例程序的类图-1" class="headerlink" title="示例程序的类图"></a>示例程序的类图</h4><p><img src="/2019/09/04/Java%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E4%B9%8BTemplate-Method-Pattern/Template-Method2-ClassDiagram.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" alt=" "></p>

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